miércoles, 18 de enero de 2012

What Causes Parkinson´s Disease?

Two hundred years after the Parkinson´s disease was discovered, and despite the hard, intense study done by experts during the last decades. An actual cause of PD has not been discovered or confirmed. However, many believe that there are two actual causes which are genetic and external or environmental factors.


Genetic Factors:

According to studies the majority of PD´s patients have not inherited the disease. Only about 15-25% of the people diagnosed with Parkinson´s disease have reported that they have a relative that presented the same disease. In addition, the studies also reflect that those who have a first degree relative with PD have a four to nine percent to acquire it, having a higher risk to develop PD among those who have no relatives diagnosed with PD.

Though several gene mutation have been pointed as a cause of Parkinson´s disease, but only a small percentage of families are affected by it. This mutation includes genes that act in dopamine cells functions. Parkinson´s have been discovered in early age individuals who have been discovered with mutations in genes for parkin, PINK1, LRRK2, DJ-1, and glucocerebrosidase, among others.



Environmental factors:

On the other hand there is also a belief that Parkinson´s is a consequence of exposure to an environmental toxin or injury. Epidemiological research has identified rural living, well water, manganese and pesticides are some of the factor that may be attached to Parkinson’s.

Some studies show that the prolonged exposure to certain chemicals increase or are associated to PD such as ecticides permethrin and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), the herbicides paraquat and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic among others. Parkinson´s disease was recently added to the list of Agent Orange related diseases.

Cases of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s in the general population are exceedingly rare, this neurotoxin was also identified as a cause of immediate and permanent Parkinsonism which is similar but not the same as Parkinson´s disease.

Experts continue to research Genetic and Environmental factors that can cause PD, as of Today the controversy have increase but not an exact reason or cause have been indentified or prooven.

3 comentarios:

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